Here are some notes for the NCERT Class 10 History chapter on the partition of Bengal and the Indian National Movement:
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– In 1905, the British government announced the partition of Bengal along communal lines, with the eastern and largely Muslim-majority areas forming a new province of East Bengal and Assam of India, while the western and largely Hindu-majority areas formed the province of Bengal. This move was opposed by many Bengalis, who saw it as an attempt to divide and weaken the nationalist movement.
– The partition was seen as a way for the British to divide and rule, by playing up communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims. It was also seen as a way to isolate Bengal, which had become a hub of nationalist activity, from the rest of India.
– The partition led to widespread protests, including boycotts of British goods, meetings and rallies, and petitions to the government. Many people, including the famous poet and playwright Rabindranath Tagore, returned their knighthoods in protest.
– The partition also led to a growth in communalism, with many Hindus and Muslims becoming more suspicious and hostile towards each other. This was especially true in Calcutta, where there were violent clashes between the two communities.
– The partition was eventually revoked in 1911, in response to growing pressure and protests. However, the damage had been done, and communal tensions remained high in Bengal and throughout India.
– The partition was a turning point in the history of the nationalist movement, and it highlighted the divisive role of colonialism in India. It also laid the groundwork for the later partition of India and Pakistan in 194as based along similar communal lines.
Overall, the partition of Bengal was a controversial and divisive move by the British government, which had long-lasting effects on the politics and society of India.
– Partition of Bengal was announced on 19th July 1905 by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India. It was an administrative measure to divide the province of Bengal into two regions for better management.
– The partition was opposed by Indian Nationalists as they saw it as a ploy to weaken the nationalist movement and divide the Hindu and Muslim communities along religious lines.
– The Swadeshi Movement, led by leaders like Surendranath Banerjee and Rabindranath Tagore, was initiated as a protest against the partition. The movement encouraged the use of Indian-made goods and boycotting of British goods.
– The Indian National Movement gained momentum in the early 20th century with the emergence of leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and Subhas Chandra Bose.
– The Non-Cooperation Movement, initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a significant milestone in the Indian Independence movement. It was a peaceful protest against the British Raj and included boycotting British goods, surrendering of titles and honours received from the British, etc.
– The Quit India Movement, launched in 1942, marked the final phase of the Indian Independence struggle. It was a mass movement that saw widespread participation by Indianationwidetry.
– The Indian National Congress played a significant role in the Indian Independence struggle. It was founded in 1885 and was the primary platform for Indian Nationalists to voice their demands and grievances.
– The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Government in 1947, which led to the partition of India and the creation of two independent nations – India and Pakistan. The partition resulted in widespread violence, riots, and displacement of people.
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