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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Sample Questions (Q134-Q139):

NEW QUESTION # 134
The acceptance criteria associated with a user story:

A. are often documented following in rule-oriented format using the following template: "As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can [benefit]"
B. can be written in different formats and represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation' of the so called "3 C's"
C. must be written in one of the two following formats: scenario-oriented or rule-oriented
D. are often written in a rule-oriented format using the template referred to as "Given/When/Then"

Answer: B

Explanation:
The acceptance criteria associated with a user story are the conditions that must be met for the user story to be considered done and to deliver the expected value to the user. They are often written in different formats, such as rule-oriented, scenario-oriented, or table-oriented, depending on the nature and complexity of the user story. They represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation, which is one of the so called "3 C' s" of user stories. The other two aspects are card and conversation. Card refers to the concise and informal description of the user story, usually following the template: "As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can
[benefit]". Conversation refers to the ongoing dialogue between the stakeholders and the team members to clarify and refine the user story and its acceptance criteria. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 3.2.2, page 35-36; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 37.

NEW QUESTION # 135
A program is used to control a manufacturing line (turn machines on and off. start and stop conveyer belts, add raw materials to the flow. etc.). Not all actions are possible at all times. For example, there are certain manufacturing stages that cannot be stopped - unless there is an emergency. A tester attempts to evaluate if all such cases (where a specific action is not allowed) are covered by the tests.
Which coverage metric will provide the needed information for this analysis?

A. Data flow coverage
B. Statement coverage
C. Branch Coverage
D. Code coverage

Answer: C

Explanation:
Branch coverage is a type of structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of branches or decision outcomes that are executed by the test cases. A branch is a point in the code where the control flow can take two or more alternative paths based on a condition. For example, an if-else statement is a branch that can execute either the if-block or the else-block depending on the evaluation of the condition. Branch coverage ensures that each branch is taken at least once by the test cases, and thus reveals the behavior of the software under different scenarios. Branch coverage is also known as decision coverage or all-edges coverage.
Branch coverage is suitable for testing the cases where a specific action is not allowed, because it can verify that the test cases cover all the possible outcomes of the conditions that determine the action. For example, if the program has a condition that checks if the manufacturing stage can be stopped, then branch coverage can ensure that the test cases cover both the cases where the stage can be stopped and where it cannot be stopped. This way, branch coverage can help identify any missing or incorrect branches that may lead to undesired or unsafe actions.
The other options are not correct because they are not suitable for testing the cases where a specific action is not allowed. Code coverage is a general term that encompasses various types of coverage metrics, such as statement coverage, branch coverage, data flow coverage, etc. Code coverage does not specify which type of coverage metric is used for the analysis. Data flow coverage is a type of structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of data flow paths that are executed by the test cases. A data flow path is a sequence of statements that define, use, or kill a variable. Data flow coverage is useful for testing the correctness and completeness of the data manipulation in the software, but not for testing the conditions that determine the actions. Statement coverage is a type of structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of statements or lines of code that are executed by the test cases. Statement coverage ensures that each statement is executed at least once by the test cases, but it does not reveal the behavior of the software under different scenarios. Statement coverage is a weaker criterion than branch coverage, because it does not account for the branches or decision outcomes in the code. Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, Chapter 4: Test Techniques, Section 4.3: Structural Testing Techniques, Pages 51-54.

NEW QUESTION # 136
A company wants to reward each of its salespeople with an annual bonus that represents the sum of all the bonuses accumulated for every single sale made by that salesperson. The bonus for a single sale can take on the following four values: 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (the percentage refers to the amount of the single sale). These values are determined on the basis of the type of customer (classified as "Basic" or "Premium") to which such sale was made, and on the amount of such sale classified into the following three groups G1, G2 and G3:
* [G1]: less than 300 euros
* [G2]: between 300 and 2000 euros
* [G3]: greater than 2000 euros
Which of the following is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Answer: D

Explanation:
The minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario is 6. This is because the decision table has 4 conditions (type of customer and amount of sale) and 4 actions (bonus percentage). The conditions have 2 possible values each (Basic or Premium, and G1, G2 or G3), so the total number of combinations is 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16. However, not all combinations are valid, as some of them are contradictory or impossible. For example, a sale cannot be both less than 300 euros and greater than 2000 euros at the same time. Therefore, we need to eliminate the invalid combinations and keep only the valid ones. The valid combinations are:
Type of customer
Amount of sale
Bonus percentage
Basic
G1
3%
Basic
G2
5%
Basic
G3
7%
Premium
G1
5%
Premium
G2
7%
Premium
G3
10%
These 6 combinations cover all the possible values of the conditions and actions, and they are the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table.

NEW QUESTION # 137
A company wants to reward each of its salespeople with an annual bonus that represents the sum of all the bonuses accumulated for every single sale made by that salesperson. The bonus for a single sale can take on the following four values: 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (the percentage refers to the amount of the single sale). These values are determined on the basis of the type of customer (classified as "Basic" or "Premium") to which such sale was made, and on the amount of such sale classified into the following three groups G1, G2 and G3:
* [G1]: less than 300 euros
* [G2]: between 300 and 2000 euros
* [G3]: greater than 2000 euros
Which of the following is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
The minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario is 6.
This is because the decision table has 4 conditions (type of customer and amount of sale) and 4 actions (bonus percentage). The conditions have 2 possible values each (Basic or Premium, and G1, G2 or G3), so the total number of combinations is 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16. However, not all combinations are valid, as some of them are contradictory or impossible. For example, a sale cannot be both less than 300 euros and greater than 2000 euros at the same time. Therefore, we need to eliminate the invalid combinations and keep only the valid ones.
The valid combinations are:
Type of customer
Amount of sale
Bonus percentage
Basic
G1
3%
Basic
G2
5%
Basic
G3
7%
Premium
G1
5%
Premium
G2
7%
Premium
G3
10%
These 6 combinations cover all the possible values of the conditions and actions, and they are the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents,

NEW QUESTION # 138
The following state transition diagram describes the behavior of a control system in terms of its possible modes of operation. The initial start state will be the "NORMAL MODE".

Which ONE of the following test cases covers an INVALID sequence?

A. NORMAL MODE # DIAGNOSTIC MODE # NORMAL MODE # EMERGENCY MODE #
DIAGNOSTIC MODE # NORMAL MODE
B. NORMAL MODE # DIAGNOSTIC MODE # DEGRADED MODE # EMERGENCY MODE #
DIAGNOSTIC MODE # NORMAL MODE # DEGRADED MODE
C. NORMAL MODE # DIAGNOSTIC MODE # DEGRADED MODE # EMERGENCY MODE #
DIAGNOSTIC MODE # NORMAL MODE # DIAGNOSTIC MODE
D. NORMAL MODE # DEGRADED MODE # NORMAL MODE # DIAGNOSTIC MODE #
DEGRADED MODE # EMERGENCY MODE # DIAGNOSTIC MODE

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
This question applies theState Transition Testingtechnique.
Let's evaluateOption Dstep-by-step:
* NORMAL MODE # DEGRADED MODE:#Valid on"FAILURE DETECTED"
* DEGRADED MODE # NORMAL MODE:#Valid on"ALL FAILURES CLEARED"
* NORMAL MODE # DIAGNOSTIC MODE:#Valid on"SELF DIAGNOSTIC INITIATED"
* DIAGNOSTIC MODE # DEGRADED MODE:#Invalid- there isno defined transitionfrom DIAGNOSTIC MODE directly to DEGRADED MODE.
According to the state diagram, DEGRADED MODE can only be entered:
* From NORMAL MODE (on FAILURE DETECTED), or
* Not from DIAGNOSTIC MODE at all.
This violates the rule:
"State transition testing uses a model where test cases are designed to execute valid and invalid transitions." (ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0, Section 4.2.4 - State Transition Testing, Page 40) Thus, OptionDcontains aninvalid transition, making it the correct answer.

NEW QUESTION # 139
......

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